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Development of a Research Project

Introduction

The research question is "Do social policies democratic limit the growth and efficiency in the economy? Many experts argue that the social democratic states are really weak and helpless. They argue that countries with such regimes are generally characterized by high budget deficits, low industrial regulation, privatization of the systems of social welfare and instituting tax cuts. There is a need to look at these issues and make recommendations about whether the claims are indeed true.

Formulation of the problem

In the European Union, several countries have established social democratic parties. However, In recent years, these countries have not had a good performance. Taking the example of the UK, Prime Minister Gordon Brown, dropped in performance. Beyond addition, countries like Spain which has surprises in performance of its economy. Similarly, France has not done very well too. This is because the leaders socialist country has suffered numerous challenges over recent years. As if this were not enough, Germany, which is currently run by a coalition government is having problems between States Parties with the Social Democrats included. Moreover, in Italy, his center-left coalition collapsed.

An attempt to develop hypotheses for the hypothesis

The hypothesis mentioned in the introduction are "social democratic parties limit the growth and efficiency savings hypothesis "This has several hypotheses. (Saunders et al, 2003) For example, it is assumed that the nature of political this country in question are indeed connected to the political system. It also assumed that other factors inherent in their countries are so small that they can be ignored.

global approach to research

Before going into detail about the approach of research, is essential to clarify the fact that research will have a positive philosophy. In this case, the hypothesis was formulated on the social democracy. Consequently, the research aims to verify that the theory is in fact true. Through research, it may be able to know yourself with the research problem. The research will also focus on facts that prevail in the research environment. There will be data collection, which will then be analyzed and the results presented in the statistical means either cancel or validate the theory. (Bell and Bryman, 2003)

In terms of research approach, this research will have elements of deductive and inductive reasoning, however, the most prevalent is deductive reasoning. In this case, the investigation is using a positivist approach. The theory has already been established and the purpose of research is confirm or reject the theory of evidence gathering. The following are some of the qualities that make the inductive research approach

• Implementation of principles scientific
• Motion to form a hypothesis / theory to data collection
• The quantitative data will be collected
• Concepts will be operationalized
• Controls will be implemented to incorporate validity
• Variables have causal explanations
• The researcher will be independent research
• It is a structured approach
• Require large sample size.

Frame of reference

The current state of social-democratic states can be summarized as follows: Most countries are experiencing serious financial and economic problems. The issue of the credit crisis has been ravaging many social democratic states. There is a problem of sub-prime in the continents Europe, because a large number of companies suffer from debts. Besides the latter, countries also face problems of loan packages mixed. These issues have caused a lot of criticism of former Social Democrats, who chose to leave the party or other political parties like the Socialists and economic liberalism radicals. The group argues that this social democracy is not the way to solve the problems of today. They claim that the Social Democrats have created policies that make it impossible for businesses to operate in a free market. Moreover, the radical socialists argue that the Social Democrats are overly dependent on the capitalist system to establish some kind of reform within the state. Therefore, it became very difficult for social democratic governments to continue in operation as a matter of seconds.

It should be noted that most states are really struggling with issues related to the re-introduction of certain social democratic principles. For example, want deregulation, creating a balance in privatization, refocusing the business management, among others. All questions are supposed to be the last task of the Social Democrats, but it seems that the latter group are failing.

In light of these issues, there seems to be a party to blame for current problems in the countries mentioned later. It is therefore necessary to verify that a party system have caused their current problems, as will be seen in the posterior portions the test.

Methods: A combination

There will be a combination of methods through a process known as triangulation. (Saunders et al, 2003) scientists and sociologists define triangulation as the process in which a number of research methods are used to ensure that the shortcomings of a method are offset by strength in other methodology. The research will employ the use of secondary and primary data. Primary data will be conducted through structured interviews. As mentioned earlier, participants will be the political analysts who are familiar with some systems of international politics, especially those with social democratic ideologies. The structured interview will be conducted by asking participants about their views on the research question. Through this method, those who can not understand the issues can clarify and also increases the response rate of respondents can already see that they are communicating.

The second approach is through the use of secondary data. The reason why data side was chosen is that other authors have looked at the topic. However, the inferences were not made on the research hypothesis. Secondary data allow rapid analysis of macro-economic issues that may be difficult to obtain through the use of primary research. In addition, secondary data allows a narrower focus on issues instead of spending much time dealing with non-problems. This is usually the case for preliminary investigation. Across secondary research, primary research results will be validated and there will also be a question whether these issues studied in their research primary actually colluding with the previous survey. Besides the latter, secondary research will save time and money. (Yates, 2004)

Selection people to study

There are two types of sampling frames in any search. The first type is the use of existing frameworks, while the second type is by using a framework built. existing frameworks are usually the records of relevant information on research interests. In this sense, when one decides to use an existing framework, then they will only consider pre-existing issues. This may present ethical dilemmas in research. Ethics, problems may arise in locations where respondents who participated in the survey feel overwhelmed by having to take part in another part of the investigation. Moreover, due to friction, may be necessary for a glimpse into the intricate questions of obtaining permission.

In this case, the sampling frame will be constructed. What this means is that you can establish for themselves a list of potential participants and then a suitable sample collected from there. In this case, the topic is about social democracy. Therefore, participants should be well informed about it and they should be knowledgeable about science policy. Therefore, sampling will consist of a number of political analysts in the country. However, focused enumeration will be done to ensure that only those groups that meet minimum requirements are incorporated into the interview. This will be determined by interviewing respondents. Most participants of the interview should be familiar with political ideologies in general, social and democratic systems in particular. A phone number addresses will be used for this purpose. Potential participants will be called and given a short questionnaire to see if they comply with those respective qualities. Those who are potential participants.

The last share on participation will be in relation to the actual recording of the participants. In this case, participants should be wiling to participate in the investigation. Becomes particularly difficult to estimate who will accept or reject participation in the research until the day when that happens. It would therefore be necessary be prepared for it. The sample size will be relatively large thirty participants will be required for investigation. A sampling frame of the greater created fifty people in order to leave room for any eventualities. Participants representing six companies, with five representatives from each category.

Analysis of validity and reliability

Validity and reliability will be ensured by checking the level of synchronization between primary and secondary data. Furthermore, care will be taken in creating a sampling frame and therefore needs to sampling strategy. (Yates, 2004)

Problems in the study

A number of issues can be raised in the process of conducting the research. For example, some participants may choose not to attend the interview. This will give a low response rate and thus affect the accuracy of results.

It can also be a problem trying to get the right to political analysts. Since this is a topic that does not deal directly with the country political ideology, then my answer is not very well founded. Moreover, the sampling strategy may present some problems because respondents may not answer the question a few questions via their phone as well. This means that participants can be that selective self research can only rely on opinions of people receptive and there is no need competent political analysts.

There is the danger that the preliminary investigation can not produce a result corresponding the secondary data. In the event that the relationship between democracy and the social economy is very low, then it will be necessary to repeat the preliminary investigation. In this case, a larger sample is used. The reason behind this is that to infer that there is a relationship between two variables, so statistical need to reduce its margin of error, using larger samples. This can take up considerable resources and respondents can not be wiling to repeat the interview. Therefore, not be a need to seek a new set of respondents.

Interviews as data collection methods have their own shortcomings. For example, they are prone to bias from the interviewer. Sometimes, participants can provide answers that are expected of them instead of honest answers and that can hamper the accuracy research.

2) Ways in which research was influenced by Chalmers

In the latest book by Chalmers; Sink Like America, author talks about some critical issues that are similar to this particular investigation. First of all, the book discusses the potential economic collapse of the country. In the process of addressing these issues, Chalmers focuses on some political ideologies that could have caused these problems within the country. For example, he discusses issues such as poor education systems, on the expenditure under the country's military system and the desire for world domination. These are all issues that were brought by the poor political systems. The author establishes his theories about why the U.S. economy is doing very badly and then validates them using other frames of reference. A similar approach is used this research. Research has established that some of the problems that affect the social-democratic states in Europe because of these political ideologies of the country. Therefore, the objective research will confirm this assertion. (Ticehurst and Veal, 2000)

Chalmers also touched on various topics in the past dealing with ideologies policies. MITI Some of these books include: The Japanese miracle and Peasant Nationalism and Communist power. In all these books, the first author came up with theories and backed that up with data from a variety of methods. Chalmers likes to use a positivist approach. It also uses a lot of inductive reasoning or his research. Since this is one of the most important writers of political science, so many research projects designed to reflect the approaches of one of the most successful writers of the time.

Since research will involve a combination of secondary and primary data, then it can be argued that this approach may have been derived from the work Charmers. "Chalmers sound scientific methodology employed in his books and this is the same thing being done in this research. . (Ticehurst and Veal, 2000)

3) Analysis critique of the discipline of political science

The subject chosen for analysis is the social democracy. Social democracy began in the century Century and has since evolved over the years, which is today. Some social groups define democracy as an ideology like, while others think of it as the state of a society. However, many works of literature prefer the use of the former better than the last approach. In the above definition, social democracy is a political ideology which aims to check the excesses of capitalism and its dominant position and at the same time, incorporating some socialist tendencies. It should be noted here that social democracy differs Marxism in the first emphasizes the co-existence with capitalism, while the latter focus on the elimination of the capitalists altogether. The main route used by Democrats more to enforce social change is through the creation of organizations to minimize the injustices, the establishment of programs that can help the process improvement and also through state regulation. These methods are based on the principles of democracy and reform of capitalism.

It should be noted that the definitions of radical social democracy is not widely accepted by scholars. In fact, this brought a lot of confusion about the difference between social democrats and socialists democratic. democratic socialists are more radical than their counterparts. They are usually characterized by a sequence of great working-class voters and interaction with the leftist movements in the past. Moreover, a social democratic party would have the following characteristics

• Half the voters Class
• Mainly left
• market economy

It should be noted that these definitions are not necessarily fixed because some countries may opt to create their own definitions. However, some international organizations or groups agreed with certain characteristics common among social democratic states or parties. A body is known as a Socialist International. This body maintains that social democratic parties have largely features Socialists are based on the following: First of all, a socialist party must be founded on the concept of freedom. Its members must have both political freedom and economically. Besides the latter, it is necessary for a social democratic party to be fair. This implies that members of these states must be exposed to equal opportunities. Finally, the Socialists are usually characterized by a sense of compassion for those who are oppressed unduly. In this regard, it has a lot of solidarity between them.

While social democracy has evolved in recent decades, it is essential to examine some of the characteristics that apply in the definition Today's social democracy. Any state that claims to be socially democratic must have an economy that combines elements of public and private companies. This means that this state to privatize a large chunk of their corporations. However, there should still be some element of government subsidy in certain parts of the economy. For example:

• Education
• Health
• Child care

A social democratic state should also be characterized by a system that does not offer much power to the private sector. These countries should have certain organs or systems that regulate the private sector. Such a measure is necessary because it protects interests of the electorate. Private companies have the ability to control prices or offer undue competition in their respective industries. This means that care must be taken to ensure that such situations do not occur. In addition, private companies may also violate the rights of their employees, if left unchecked or can submit their counterparts from undue competition. For these reasons, it is necessary for government agencies to step and verify their skills.

The social democratic state should also establish a free and fair trade. Usually this means that a country must establish laws and policies that encourage the latter concepts. In addition, they must ensure that policies are followed to the letter at the root level of grass.

Social security is Another key element of this discipline. Accordingly, citizens should be protected against vulnerability to loss of income in certain events. For example, in situations where citizens have to retire, there must be some form of system to help the process. The social democratic state should ensure that their citizens will not release employment and their livelihoods due to minor problems such as retirement or illness. Besides the latter, it is necessary to arrive at a mechanism that can minimize the poverty rates in the state.

Typically, socially democratic states have a tax system that is quite adequate. This means that governments should not operate on systems that I can not afford. In this context, the taxation system should be a value-added. In most cases, it is usually moderate to high.

There are certain aspects which are also synonymous with social democratic states. These include the issue of environmental sustainability. These countries are generally dedicated to environmental principles. Besides the latter, these economies are generally in support of immigration policies social, human rights and social freedoms.

4) When and for conditions that facilitate the commissioning of a scientific revolution

The scientific revolution can begin when the specific individuals who feel no need to challenge the way things are being made. Usually, you can start a scientific revolution when they are unhappy with current methodologies. How are you today, there are many procedures that can make social scientists dissatisfied with the Status Quo. For example, the issue of scientific elites have prompted a series of sharp comments from critics. The last group are generally harmful and may discriminate in certain categories of people. Also because of the emphasis on peer review, the creation an elite group of scientists has been propagated.

The scientific revolution can also occur when it becomes easy for new ideas to be accommodated. As it is today, many scientists are not open to new ideas. They generally oppose them with vigor even their groups may have the capacity to inject new life into the system. Typically, new ideas are generally accepted in the sciences, when the former began showing some cracks. That means it must be a paradigm shift in how things are done.

In addition, a scientific revolution can occur when scientists are emerging little access to resources. Most practicing scientists have very little access to funding, the scientific elite are the ones who control these funds. Through such abuse, then emerging scientists are discouraged from participating in the process.

Conclusion

Social democracy is a popular political ideology in the world. However, there is a need to look at whether this system is eon extinction. The research uses a positivist approach through inductive reasoning. Data will be collected through secondary research and structured interviews. (Thorpe et al, 2002)

References

Bell, E. and Bryman, A. (2003): Business Research Methods, Oxford University Press

Thorpe, R Easterby Smith, M. and Lowe, A. (2002): Management Research: An Introduction, Sage Publications

Saunders, M., Thornhill, A. and Lewis, P. (2003): Research Methods for business students, Prentice Hall

Veal, A. and Ticehurst, G. (2000): Business Research Methods-Approach to Management, Thomson Publishing.

Yates, J. (2004): Doing Research in Social Sciences, Sage Publications and Open University Press

About the Author

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